The main points to take away from the osteoporosis blog posts on Pinnacle Posture are as follows:

• Femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD) can be increase by walking, however spinal BMD is unaffected.

• Spinal BMD is likely to increase with an exercise program the...

There are many factors that are often overlooked when developing an exercise plan, yet they are no less important. These include (Moreira et al., 2017):

-Wearing tight fitting shoes.

-Wearing shoes with a grippy sole.

-Warming up prior to exercise.

-Maintaining the correct...

As we age, musculoskeletal conditions may arise that inhibit the ability to carry out impact and resistance exercises (Nordström, Nordström & Lorentzon, 2012). In these cases, low impact activities, such as aquatic exercises, are useful.

Due to the fact that bone respon...

When assessing postmenopausal, osteopenic women of a lower weight (n=70), vibration plates of a low frequency and intensity (30Hz, 0.2g) have been found to reduce the amount of bone loss both in the spine and femur (Rubin et al., 2004). In this study the vibration grou...

Proprioception is an awareness of ones own body in space. The receptors that are key in one’s proprioceptive ability are found in the ligaments, tendons and joints. When these receptors are triggered they send signals to the central nervous system (Burke, 2007). If pro...

Exercises that create both bone and muscle loading, such as impact exercises, have an increased effect on bone metabolism than weight lifting alone (Wendy, Barry & Schwartz (2009). However this is not always the most appropriate option. As one ages, many other factors...

As both cycling and swimming are not weight bearing activities, athletes in these fields tend to present with lower bone mineral density than those participating in sports involving impact forces (Nikander et al., 2009).  This shows that when assessing bone stimulation...

Icing (through a towel and for 1-10 mins depending on the area) is advised during the initial phase of many injuries as it removes waste products and provides essential nutrients required for repair (Heiderschiet et al., 2010).

With a grade 1 (up to 5% fibre disruption with slight oedema present) muscle tear the first stage of repair is the acute inflammatory phase. The muscle will not have the structure to guard against large forces or stretches (Tidball and Rinaldi, 2012). This stage should...